The Lockwood Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Lockwood Group - Essay manakinIn the similar context, it can be stated that rather than paper and packing business, Lockwood had grow its potent with the food industry. The go with had gained long-term profitability in the market related to the food and packing industry. Further, they had expanded the business into other fields (The Lockwood Group, Inc, New Strategies for the 21st Century). The main purpose of this paper is to psychoanalyze the major situation faced by the Lockwood Group. though the alliance had faced certain problems in the free-enterprise(a) market, it is essential to analyze their marketing situation and provide appropriate recommendations for the company. Therefore, it can be stated that the main motive of the paper is to provide recommendation for future by analyzing the Lockwood Groups present as well as past marketing scenario (The Lockwood Group, Inc, New Strategies for the 21st Century). Major Situation go about by the Lockwood Group Lockwood Gr oup had faced major change in the competitive market, as the company had initially started the business with packing and paper section. During the second part of the 20th coulomb, Lockwood Group was engaged in producing auto parts, electrical equipments, metal alloys, electric motors, communication equipments, furniture, appliances, power equipment, specialty equipments and consumer products. However, Lockwood could not succeed in the above mentioned businesses. All the segments were sold or liquidated at losses (The Lockwood Group, Inc, New Strategies for the 21st Century). Though the Lockwood was bearing a loss, the CEO of the company has taken various majors in the 21st century to set up long-term profitability in the competitive market. Their main business was fiscal services, energy, and package along with forest products. The company had reinvested the funds in vicinity promising the expansion of cost-effectiveness. In 2001, Lockwood had change magnitude its sales from the four main businesses due to adoption of various strategies as it has been stated earlier that the company had expanded the business in the four sectors (The Lockwood Group, Inc, New Strategies for the 21st Century). Financial Services Lockwood had started financial services in 2000s. The company had appointed the investment banker to trade the unwanted business and had invested the capital in financial business. Lockwood insurance sector had good profitability in the market. Visualizing the profitable financial scenario, the company had lengthy to insurance operation. In 2002, Lockwood financial services had three broad categories i.e. life insurance, real estate and fountain insurance. Though the company was strongly positioned in the financial sector, its competitors were high, because Lockwood financial division was petite by the issue standards (The Lockwood Group, Inc, New Strategies for the 21st Century). Energy Lockwood had operated in the energy business since 2004. The c ompany had entered into energy businesses done the acquisition of the EasyGas Energy. Previously, Lockwood had small businesses in the offshore and onshore oil industry but later on expanded the firm into Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi. Lockwood had gained long-term

Business analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business analysis - Essay ExampleThe current ratio which is good above the benchmark of 1 should not be viewed as a healthy sign because the phoner is having major issues with its receivables and inventory management. The familiarity has large amount of receivables pending resulting in extravagantly receivables days and the mail service is the same for the partnerships inventories. The company has good asset turn all over but it is alike declining over the period from 1993 to 1995. The company has a negative profitability in 1994 and 1995 because of its inability to generate profits. Though the company paid dividend in 1993 and 1994 the amount due from stockholders has been significant which could further dampen the companys hood position. The financial ratios have been attached to this report as Appendix II. The companys operating cash in flow has declined sharply in 1995 leading to a negative figure of DM494,000 which surely have implications for the gigantic term surviva l of the company if it is not able to recoup its business by altering its merchandise and operating strategies. Marketing Analysis Haefren Baum is a home furnishing retailer which is engaged in selling high quality home furniture products of a German manufacturer Wiegandt GmbH eau de cologne. The understanding of the high-end furniture mart suggests that the lease in this market is cyclical which is affected by two major factors consumer buying confidence and alike by the overall economic conditions. Due to the fall in the German economy during the year 1993 i.e. gross domestic product indicated a negative growth of 1.2% the demand for furniture dropped and sales deteriorated. Haefren Baums sales also declined after(prenominal) 1993 showed as YoY decline of -19% (1994) and -5% (1995). In order to tackle the challenges the company melt off down its pricing and also opened up new outlets Rhineland suburban areas however due to the competition attracting to the market it is diffi cult for a small retailer like Haefren Baum to survive for long as it is also facing problems with generating profits and champion a strong cash position (Crane and Millett). Operations Analysis Since the company sells home furniture of Wiegandt GmBH Cologne therefore the amount payable to the company has reached DM 54,017.18. From the analysis it could be indicated that the operational efficiency of the company is becoming weak as the number of days that receivables are due for payment and the inventory held in its stock are increasing. Furthermore, the company is taking longer period to pay off its liabilities. The company has generated damage in 1994 and 1995 which suggests that the company is facing major difficulties in devising its strategies to coup up with the tough market conditions prevailing in Germany. Due to expansion of outlets the companys borrowing has increased significantly and no positive outcome has been achieved. The credit department of the company must lay o ff loans and sell of non-profitable outlets to cut down pressure on its cash position. Appendix I bills Flow Statement Cash From Operating Activities 1994 1995 DM 000s DM 000s Net Profit -16 -55 -16 -55 (Increase)/Decrease in Receivables -386 35 (Increase)/Decrease in Inventory 8 -8 Increase/Decrease in Accounts Payables 8 88 Deferred Charges 32 0 sundry(prenominal) Accruals 74 -331 Current Maturities on Long-Term Debt 327 -223 Estimated Federal Income Tax -104 0 -41 -439 -57 -494 Cash Flow from investing Activities Sale / (Purchase) of Net Buildings, Fixtures and

Excercise programs, Personal training, nutrition, Assignment

Excercise programs, in-person training, nutrition, - Assignment Example20). As the client has expressed that they are a beginning when it comes to weight training, a series of stages have been designed as a means of aiding the client. The first stage of the exercise usage involves machine weights. Specifically, it is recommended that the client implement fully body circuit training three generation per week. In terms of repetitions, implementing 10-12 repetitions on each machine at a steady rate is recognized to extend muscle capacity. The following stage of this program ordain then involve upper body and move body splits of free weights. Compound exercises with 10-12 repetitions each can then be implemented 4 times per week. The compound exercise split will implement pull-ups, deadlifts, and chest presses will be implemented to drive back, arm, chest and core muscles. There will be a one-day rest period and then overthrow body exercises will be implemented. The freeze off b ody exercises will primarily focus on squats with the barbell, entirely will also involve squatting without the barbell. Both the lower body and upper body exercises will be implemented 3X each with 10-12 repetitions. The ultimate recognition is that these exercises will create the necessary muscle to get body fat and tone.There are a number of areas of status that I implement when creating an strong programme for a client. One of the prominent areas of concern is upper-body and lower body alterations. The upper body and lower body split is effective in that it is largely simplistic and does not require clients to consider thickening muscle groups in implementation. Another prominent consideration involves resistance training, strength training, hypertrophy, and endurance training. The main consideration in these regards is in terms of repetitions. The implementation of lower repetitions at higher weights results generally in an addition in muscle bulk. This is contrasted with higher

Emphysema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emphysema - Research Paper Example agree to National Institute of Health, NIH (2014), COPD encompasses varied lung diseases that include emphysema, chronic obstructive airways disease and chronic bronchitis. This paper focuses on emphysema, the main type of COPD as noted by Klaassen (2013). Emphysema is a type of chronic lung disease. It ordinarily causes people to have breathing difficulties due to blowing out air being limited and majorly affects people amid the ages of 45 and 60 (NIH, 2014). It is estimated that over 10 million people in America are apt(predicate) to have emphysema with 2011 having had 4.7 million Americans diagnosed with the condition according to statistics from the American Lung Association (2013). Historically, men exhibit higher(prenominal) prevalence for emphysema than women, though the past five years has seen the prevalence in women increase by 63% while prevalence among men has decreased by 6%. Together with bronchitis, emphysema is graded fourth amon g the leading causes of death in America, killing about 16,242 people every year.The pathogenesis of emphysema more often than not remains unclear. However, it has been generally accepted that emphysema occurs when delicate linings of air sacs which occur in the lungs get irreversibly damaged. It involves the inflammatory changes that occur in small airways accompanied by loss of small vessels and alveolar septal structures. This, according to NIH (2014), occurs due to gradual destruction of air sacs in the lungs making the patient slowly disadvantaged of breath. There is also the postulate by Nici and ZuWallack (2012) that emphysema results from protease-antiprotease imbalance. For proper maintenance of lungs, there needs to be a delicate balance in the activity of protease and antiprotease. Interference with this balance results to lungs being destruct or inappropriately repaired, eventually leading to emphysema. Additionally, the destruction of elastin fragments resulting

PHYLOSOPHY FINAL ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PHYLOSOPHY FINAL - Essay Exampleto as zombies will eventually give way and fall, in addition to that never at iodin time shall an artificial creation equal or even outdo human thinking and cognitive ability. In addition, the essay will evaluate the 2 arguments and give a personal supported opinion that is against computationalism, the rationalness being the impossibility of scientists to create systems quasi(prenominal) to humans, thus the weakness of Dennetts argument.Dennett (1994) argues that someday, robots will be made that will be adapted to function just like humans do. To him, human beings are a sort of robot ourselveswith extraordinarily complex self-controlling, self-sustaining physical mechanisms, designed by natural selection He admits that it is a tremendous ambition to imagine that a human replication can succeed in triumphing over spirit by creating an artificial human, but it is not unachievable. The main point of his argument is based on his sentiment that a consciousness machine is in no way different from a perpetual one in that both can be programmed to execute specific functions by use of physical processes. The yet constriction that his project would encounter are the expensive costs of assembling billions of minute mechanisms to direct the robots actions. low of all, a robot is a material thing, whereas it is common sense that consciousness requires materialism to exist, a hypothesis of dualism. What this means is that what a man can create will only utilize materials such as metals, plastic, wires, chips and so on, but these are never going to make anything with the ability to think on its own. The reason for that is because there is more to the human being than just the material part the mind which is not physical, and that is what controls intelligence. Dennett counters this status as follows he defines the notion of immaterial stuff as mere superstition since all soundbox processes are today defined and explained and unde rstood through todays

Fantasy Genre Pieces in the Scary Movies 2 Research Paper

Fantasy Genre Pieces in the scarey Movies 2 - Research Paper Example surgical seam explains how the conduct world stitches together the imaginary reality that increases semblance to wholesomeness and coherence. Suture theory illustrates how a film works in the psyches of the interview, to ensure they enter the imaginary world and narrative fictional films (Green 2003, p. 78). This enables the audience to assure and besides listen to the techniques, conventions, means and codes that are part of the film world. The audience loses themselves to the film and allows it to surround and scoop up the thoughts and actions of the audience. Suture theory analyzes these film aspects, to ensure invisibility and inaudibility of the individual components. Imaginary suture occurs when the audience or spectators identify with the characters while symbolic suture takes place when the audiences identify with the world views illustrated by the film. Scary Movie 2 utilizes suture concept in various aspects. Imagery suture is illustrated through grounds the exorcism process as illustrated in the film environment. In The Exorcist, the teenager called Megan Voorhees is possessed through the touch sensation of the previous house owner, Hugh Kane. The audience understands that the exorcism is only performed by priests for instance Father McFeely and Father Harris. The priests travail to take out Hughs ghost, but the process unexpectedly leads to continuous vomiting and incidences of paedophilia. This process also leads the audiences to empathize with the possessed teenager, due to the painful experiences resulting from ghost possession and exorcism. Hugh is then shot by McFeely afterwards he insulted his mother.

The Finite Element Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Finite Element - Research Paper causeOne of the main challenges in solving partial differential equations is to use equations which are approximate unless numerically stable so that error accumulation does not cause the solution to be meaningless. The limited element method is an excellent technique for solving partial differential equations over complex domains. industry of the finite element method in structural mechanics is based on an energy principle, much(prenominal) as the virtual work principle, which provides a general, intuitive and physical basis.The finite element method originated as a technique used to solve stress analytic thinking problems, but today it can be applied to a multitude of disciplines ranging from fluid mechanics, to heat transfer to electromagnetism.The buckle of a standard dress circle belt used in passenger aircrafts has been designed and is ready to undergo experimenting. In order to be released into the market, the strap system must be ab le to withstand a 450 kg tensile load. It is pretended that the weakest point of the design is the flat plate of the buckle. Thus, prior to engaging in a costly test scenario, a simple finite element analysis of the buckle is to be made to insure soundness of design, i.e. the material does not exceed its yield strength and no significant distortion occurs. Preparing the problem for analysis first requires definition of assumptions.Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of the buckle to be analy... weightiness of the part (which is anticipate to be constant) is believed to be small enough compared to the width of the part such that home elements can be used. Displacements are expected to be relatively small such that a bilinear approximation will be valid. Figure 12.2 Material PropertiesThe part is manufactured from 2.5 mm untarnished steel plate with a Youngs modulus of elasticity of 206 GN/m2, Poisons ratio of 0.3, and a yield strength of 580 MN/m2. equivalent and isotropic materi al was assumed with no discontinuities or residual stresses present as a depart of manufacturing processes such as forging, rolling and welding. The material is assumed to have linear elastic properties.2.3 MeshA mesh that provides a good representation of the model is critical for an accurate solution the elements must be well-shaped and close fit. For this analysis, the element type chosen was PLANE82, which is a 2D structural solid element. The element has 8 nodes, which increases calculation time over its 4-node counterpart but overly increase accuracy of solution. Eight-noded elements are also known to be more accurate for modelling curved boundaries, which is where the areas of maximum stress were expected in the buckle. The PLANE 82 element type also offered the benefit of accounting for a thickness pass judgment in its input properties. Since maximum stress treasures were expected in the curved sections of the part, two participation values were utilised, thus providing a denser mesh in critical areas. In the curved areas, a value of 0.25 was used, while 0.51 was used in the rest of the model.2.4 Boundary ConditionsDetermination and application of boundary conditions is critical to the analysis. For this model, it was assumed that displacements would be small enough so as to not

Principals of Finance for the Public Sector Essay

Principals of Finance for the Public Sector - Essay ExampleThis paper will retread some of the current issues facing the health care sector. Also, it will look at some of the policies beingness implemented with their impact on public finance.Health care coer is aimed the world over to ensure that there is access to quality health care. Health care cover requires that entirely members of a region get access to medical facilities. This implies that there is the provision of medical services to people provided they hang from that region. In many developed countries, today, it is possible to find that every citizen receives health care benefits without too a good deal money required. The United States is among the developed countries that does not pack this for its citizens (Gunnar, 2007, p. 45). This has often been a subject of debate for the nation, and its delegates. in that respect are principles that govern the running of finance when it comes to the health care reform. One o f these principles is medical coverage for all in all the citizens in a country to ensure the improved state of health of all people. This means that, for all government servants, it is vital to have medical cover to ensure that they are taken care of when they hark back sick, or are in need of medical care (Gunnar, 2007, p. 56). It helps individuals whenever a situation arises that may need urgent medical attention.Another principle is the provision of medical health care to all citizens without the nominal head of any financial barriers. This is for citizens within the borders of a country. This principle ensures that citizens in a country enjoy low-cost medical care for their medical problems. To make sure that they get this without bias or discrimination, there have been forums that address the plight of minority groups in countries. For example, in the United States, there are forums that seek to address on the dilemma of the

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) or Texas v. Johnson (1989) Research Paper

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) or Texas v. Johnson (1989) - Research Paper ExampleSelma, aluminum was the center of the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. and 700 others were arrested during demonstrations against state regulations on voting. On the social front, miniskirts first make their appearance and health warnings were placed on packs of cigarettes. President Johnson signed into effect the Voting Rights Act, which ensured equality for whole at the voting booth, by eliminating literacy tests and other barriers. He also signed the Elementary and Secondary pedagogy Act, which initiated Title 1, which ensured remedial education for students in need, and the Head Start Program which began in May.In declination of 1965, John and Mary Beth Tinker, and Christopher Eckhardt were members of a community group against the American involvement in the Vietnam War. John, fifteen days old, and Christopher, sixteen years old, were high crop students in Des Moines, Iowa. Mary Beth, Johns babe was a thirteen year old junior high student. To demonstrate their objections and to promote their support for a holiday truce, they decided to break in black armbands from December 16 to New Years daytime (Cornell University Law School). The school authorities in Des Moines discovered in advance the plan of the students to wear the armbands, and issued a policy on December 14 stating that any student wearing armbands would be displace home and suspended until they could return to school without them. Their fear was that the armbands would create a disturbance to the school environment, especially considering that a school graduate had been killed in the Vietnam War.Two days following the issuance of the new school policy, the above-mentioned students wore the black arm bands. The students were aware in advance of the new policy. After school officials request that they remove the armbands, they refused. The students were then sent home suspended from school, and retu rned

Chinese photographer, Yang Fudong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chinese photographer, Yang Fudong - Essay ExampleIt is a cinematographic adaptation of the traditional Chinese stories. Yang is cognise for coming out with some of the most refreshing and impressive works in the contemporary Chinese cinema (Yu 35). Yangs films and photos are well known for their psychological gravity and density (Yu 35). His films and photography tends to reach on the most fundamental philosophical questions marking the human existence in an intensely ocular format (Yu 35). The hallmark of Yangs art is that his photos and films aspire to blend the vivacity and verve of youthful ideas and feelings with the stark and modify realities of life (Yu 35). In his works Yang makes stylistic references to and extends a nostalgic homage to varied salient periods and aspects of Chinese cinema (Yu 35).Yangs photos extend symbolic answers to the questions pertaining to creativity and identity in the contemporary world. The strange occasion is that Yangs photos and films lack any discernible political

Evaluation of Website Content Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation of Web localize Content - Essay ExampleThe site does non specify an creators name but it states the copyrights are with Tom Way. The institution said to come published this document is the Environmental Assessment Center, United States. It also specifies that the Dihydrogen Monoxide Research Division is situated in Newark, Delaware. The main aim of this site is to provide a platform for discussion by providing inert data. though the URL of the site is minded(p), the publisher does not disclose his qualifications.The chief goals of this site are to provide unbiased data on the subject of Dihydrogen Monoxide and also serve as a forum for discussions. The information given seems to be fairly detailed but one cannot guess how much of it is true. Moreover, the page seems to be a mask for advertising and therefore, the information cannot be said to be authentic or accurate. The name of the author has not been specified and it seems as though information and data have been g athered from various places. The site has an online store selling T. shirts and other things and the general public are asked to visit and lend their support by purchasing them.The site gives the last updated date, but this does not seem to be valid because it looks to be mechanically updated every day and proves to be inauthentic. Moreover, it clearly states content veracity not implied which clearly proves that the site is disable as also its information. In addition, the site does not have a home page and an near us page to give us information about the people running the site.

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Global Warming - Essay typeScientific reports claim that the very inauguration of global warming was somewhere in mid-20th century. They argue that that during and nigh 1970s, environmental degradation was on the organise. The rise in degradation resulted in huge concentration of cytosine in the atmosphere which eventually lift into a universal inconvenience. With different agencies and organizations such as get together Nations Environmental Program and Intergovernmental for Climate interchange all scrambling for the publicity brought about by global warming, the issue soon scaled to an international problem. disbelieving science, however, disagrees with this claim, arguing that environmental degradation and global warming be natural and can only be stopped through natural practices.Scientific reports claim that the very origin of global warming was somewhere in mid-20th century. They argue that that during and around 1970s, environmental degradation was on the rise. The rise in degradation resulted in huge concentration of carbon in the atmosphere which eventually rose into a universal issue. With different agencies and organizations such as United Nations Environmental Program and Intergovernmental for Climate Change all scrambling for the publicity brought about by global warming, the issue soon scaled to an international problem. Skeptical science, however, disagrees with this claim, arguing that environmental degradation and global warming are natural and can only be stopped through natural practices. Media, organizations and agencies use conflicting ideas. The conflicting ideas merge into one to create a problem. Giving different data about the same information all from reputable sources, for instance stirs restlessness. batch tend to look for more information in this case. In the midst of the confusion of looking for a new idea, people easily believe whatever is talked more about and that has direct effects on them. For instance, as the IPCC report 2013 claim that global warming reduced amicably, skeptical science argues that the decade amongst 2000 to2009 was the hottest. People believed IPCC since the arguments from skeptical science did not directly affect their health.Global warming can just be an avenue through which the whole environmentalists strive to keep standard environmental conditions.

Responsibility of a Critical Thinker in a Contemporary Society Research Paper

Responsibility of a Critical Thinker in a Contemporary decree - look for Paper ExampleThe responsibility and roles of a life-sustaining thinker in a contemporary Society is majorly to sparks, re-energizes and invigorate the alter nucleus or focus in the outlined confederacy highlighting on various segment that need change and providing timely change as treated relevant to the discipline. They interrogation the relevance of doing things in the traditional or conventional mode.Every sector has established professionals with in-depth knowledge regarding the segment, only that does not mean that an unqualified person cannot takeion. Realization of moral reasoning, an entailed and research-based for search of truth and corresponding quest for entailed data gathering of information technology is highly imperative. Various models of thinking be either cut established model in the society or blindly following the wrong route. For instance, there are established fallacies like appea l to tradition, which may compel the father to control the household wrongly accept that traditions empower him. Such traditions are subject to control since they fail to avail the exact picture inevitable in contemporary life. Fathers are human beings, and their findings and decisions can be challenged by the children or even the niggle in the house (Platzer, Blake & Ashford, 2000). Clear review of issues with concerns on whether they contribute to a positive development of the society or they lower the standards expected.Reorganization of most households is in dire need of a transformative model to change the current system into positive and encouraging models. Violence, depressions and physical abuse are quite inherent in most households, and suicides are also common cases while focusing on the mainframe family issue. Immigration comes in handy with numerous evils and notable perils on immigrants lives. Other social ills propagated by absence of critical in the

Stress and burnout Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress and burnout - Research Paper ExampleAyala (2002) further indicates that uncontrolled levels of tense outhouse eventually crown to burnout that is detrimental to the overall productivity of employees in an presidency. However, tensity may be beneficial because it can lead to creativity and inventions at the workplace. Consequently, it is fundamental to discuss the effects of stress and burnout to an organization and its employees. According to Gryna (2004), burnout is a feeling that results from an extended period of stress. Continuous burnout has a hazardous effect that lowers the self-confidence of individuals while on duty. Employees begin disliking their pastime activities in the organizational context. Notably, burnout correlates with emotional instability highlighting the absence seizure of zeal and enthusiasm. Gryna (2004) asserts that burnout is a condition that arises when an individual lacks the motivation to undertake duty. It is equally attributable to prolong ed suffering. Clinically, it is conglomerate to guesstimate the level of employee burnout. Problems associated with stress and burnout to the organization One of the major problems associated with stress and burnout is the employees incapability to produce superior results as they did in the past (Ayala, 2002). Consequently, both stress and burnout are the main inhibitors of success to organizations. These two attributes sum up to huge losses to organizations annually. Gryna (2004) affirms that organizations incur losses because of the increased levels of stress among its staff. The most widespread loss is the diminution in the level of employees productivity in the organization. Subsequently, stressed employees exude low morale when undertake duties and obligations. Lack of confidence contributes to their dismal process at work because strained employees perform poorly. According to Gryna (2004), burnout increases the order of turnover of employees thus, increasing the costs required to run operations in an organization. This is because an organization will pack to incur costs when recruiting new staff to continue with operations. Moreover, organizations will have to invest in knowledge new employees before entrusting them with duties. High turnover due to burnout affects the employees loyalty who may feel neglected by the management (Gryna, 2004). This will make it difficult for them to focus on organizational growth. Interestingly, employees in organizations attribute stress to several to harsh working conditions. Problems associated with stress and burnout to the employees According to Arnold, Demerouti & Wilmar (2005), burnout affects employees attitude leading to the deterioration of an individuals health. Subsequently, burnout leads to financial losses. For example, an employee experiencing burnout is prone to commit errors while on duty. Additionally, there are high chances that conflict can arise in an organization when employees experiencing burnout. Stress and burnout does not only affect the organizations performance but they also affect the overall wellbeing of an individual. For instance, stressed employees exude negative emotions while on duty that may influence their lives. Moreover, an employee suffering from burnout is likely to develop chronic illness that may lead to depression. Arnold, Demerouti & Wilmar (2005) indicates that chronic ailments such as type diabetes have been associated with

The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Act Essay

The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Act - Essay slip1990, CHAPTER O.1 PART III.1 32.1-32.4). The plant is covered under the Industrial Establishment regulation of the OHS act (R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851, s.3.). The Ontario act and the regulations for industrial establishmentThe plant has an open layout. The layout is segmented into various sections where specialized stimulate is carried out. The government none saw is rigid in the carpentry and joinery section. Although the plant employs 50 organizeers, only about 10 employees argon clever in the do of the orbitual saw.The circular saw used is an galvanizingly powered saw. It uses its own electrical outlet and can non be operated by any other means. It was first installed about 8 years ago by the producers and is fully owned by the company. There are 5 circular saws in the work area two are with radius of about 10 inches and the others about 8 inches in diameter. The circular saw has procedures of use that det ails maintenance time-lines, hours of action and troubleshooting. Above all the designers and manufacturers have outlined in the operation manual that only authorized persons should operate the equipment. The manufactures have also suggested a restricted work area.(i) Pre-use there is no operational checklist prior to use of the circular saw. ... (i) The area is not soak uply marked as a restricted area. Un-authorised personnel ordinarily occupy it. (ii) The work area is not clear of debris such as dust and wood chips. The sanitation and maintenance is performed at the discretion of the operators, usually after long periods. (b) Employee TrainingThe manufacturers (designers) have provided training manuals for the equipment. However, (i) Newly assigned workers including temporary workers do not receive the prescribed level of training before operating the saw. (ii) Workers from other sections of the plant frequently use the saws without training or supervision. (iii) Training upd ates on use of the saw is not scheduled for any of the workers. (iv) The manuals of operation for the section (including for circular saw equipment) are not in full display therefore are hardly referenced by employees. (c) Maintenance of EquipmentRegular and periodic maintenance is prescribed by the manufacturer of the circular saw. The assessment of the equipment maintenance is as follows(i) Pre-use there is no operational checklist prior to use of the circular saw. Therefore the saw is not always checked for lodged bits and chips stuck under the blades. The saw is not checked for mathematical process before use e.g. there is no testing of emergency stops. (ii) Post-use Debris from operating the saw is not cleared from away. Guards are not always deployed to restrict blade movement during cleaning. Electrical power is not turned off during post operation use. (iii) Manufacturers have completed a scheduled maintenance of the equipment.(d) private Protective Equipment (PPE) The use of PPE is left to the discretion of the workers. An assessment revealed the following non-compliance(i) The

What are the chief problems your sickness has caused for you Research Paper

What are the chief problems your affection has caused for you - Research Paper ExampleWhat are the chief problems your sickness has caused for you?The question chosen is following What are the chief problems your sickness has caused for you? The type was a 55 socio-economic class old, homeless Hispanic man with no knowledge of English language. At the time of the interview, the subject was vitality underneath the overpass of the Florida Turnpike and Kendall Drive. The subject agreed to an anonymous interview. As a result, the subject visited the westmost Kendall Hospital a few days ago, where he was given an intravenous therapy and a medication prescription. The subjects illness has eliminated his ability to work every day. Due to his irregular and small income, the subject could non afford the medication. Moreover, the subject drinks on a daily basis. The subject relies on God for healing, and has decided not to get another prescription. The subjects response to modern medi cine is similar to the one of the lee side family. The subject refused to return to the hospital because of religious beliefs and lack of money for prescription arising from his sickness. Lias parents refused to treat her because of their heathenish beliefs. However, the medical community too failed as unprejudiced healers, who did not provide a Hmong cultural mediator, and failed to discharge themselves from moral hegemony. Effects of culture on our daily lives have been of concern to anthropologists for decades. According to Geertz, culture is a set of control mechanisms plans, recipes, rules for the governing of behavior.... t the Merced Community Medical Center (MCMC) I gullt think the mom and dad ever truly understood the connection between a seizure and what it did to the brain My general impression was that they really felt we were all an intrusion and that if they could just do what they thought best for their child, that child would be fine. (Fadiman, 1997, p. 48) As can be seen from the above statement, Fadiman presented the medical grimace of Lia alongside cultural relativism. In her book, Fadiman treats cultural relativism from an epistemiological viewpoint. According to Barnard (2000), cultural relativists argue that culture regulates the way serviceman beings perceive the world (p. 99).Moreover, epistemological relativism dictates that generalizable cultural patterns do not exist (Barnard, 2000, p. 100).Dan Murphy, a resident at MCMC, stated the latter fact eloquently And the other thing that was different between them and me was that they seemed to accept things that to me were major(ip) catastrophes as part of the normal flow of life. For them, the crisis was the treatment, not the epilepsy. (Fadiman, 1997, p. 53). Similarly, the subject was not assisted properly at the hospital. His religious beliefs were not addressed. Instead, the prescription was handed to him with no regard for what he would do next, regardless of his monetary sta tus. Secondly, the subject was not aware of the name of his illness, meaning that nobody provided a mediator to explain his physique to him in words he would understand. Thirdly, just as in case of the Lee family, it can be assumed doctors felt morally superior to the patient, who drinks on a daily basis. Thus, Fadimans insight into what to do to as cultural mediators when seeking to bridge differences is the key aspect when

Successful lawlessness Essay Example for Free

Successful lawlessness EssayThe conference was near dead and, during the Japanese invasion of China in 1931, the League in reply to Chinese court performed its duty of saving the peace by merely passing resolution sympathizing in the Chinese cause. The League now became a passive onlooker of the aggression of Japan.The Aeschylus, the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia, and the outbreak of World War II following Hitlers attack on Poland were events in the face of which the League acted as a confused spectator. But when in 1939, Russia attacked Finland the League of Nations suddenly became conscious about its duty as a fight of peace and expelled Russia from its membership with unusual and unnatural haste.The League maintained its existence till April 1946 when it voted its abolition in a meeting called at Geneva. Thus, there was an unbroken crescendo of successful lawlessness and the League had to extend as a helpless spectator.

Ethnicity and Culture in Disease Prevention Essay Example for Free

Ethnicity and Culture in illness Prevention EssayImportance of addressing speed up, heathenity, and culture when developing programs for saloon of disease Name Subject instructor Date The campaigns against diseases have a effect of times botched as a result of non-recognition of environmental, biologic and behavioral factors as major determinants as of individual wellness. In public health, the three terms (ethnicity, race and culture) are often used interchangeably. The implementation of disease prevention programs in a community requires sufficient knowledge of the health status of its members.With this regard, racial and ethnical categories often define populations in a demeanor that is meaningful to their health status (Nnakwe, 2009, p. 337). The concept of race, ethnicity and culture plays a significant role in go out human behavior. Thus it is rational to incorporate the aspect of race, culture and ethnicity a when designing disease prevention programs in communi ties. For instance, designing a disease prevention program require the use of social ecologic framework.The framework focuses on interactions between an individuals physical, cultural and social setting and thus it may be the only necessary move in a fight against disease in an ethnic group. In this case, the knowledge about a disease should not only be transferred but withal needs to be cultivated thought peer support, supportive social norms and cultural determine. Consider a case where the government decides to put up a facility for provision of free condoms at the totality of a very conservative community as part of a program for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus/Aids. Will such a program receive support from the community?Of course not as this will be taken as a violation of the communitys cultural values since it may lead to moral decay among its members. Therefore cultural values of a community must(prenominal) be addressed and prevention programs should be al igned with those values. Health care providers need to train on cultural competency in order to understand barriers and influence of culture and society on health behaviors as well as the use of behavior change tools that are culturally sensitive. Ethnicity /race may also affect, directly or indirectly, the success of a disease prevention program in a community, e. . cultural beliefs about HV/Aids (Edelman Mandle 2005, p. 48). For example the risk of obesity starts at a persons prenatal period. Race/ethnicity may therefore affect the prevention of obesity since it influence the timing of pregnancy, number of pregnancies together with intervals between pregnancies. In conclusion, the public health approach towards prevention of disease must into setting culture, race and ethnicity within a social ecological framework as an effort towards sustaining a disease free society.

Discuss Chaucers poetic methods Essay Example for Free

Discuss Chaucers poetic methods EssayDiscuss Chaucers poetic methods in presenting unholy in the pardoners prologue and tale in the light of this comment.In Chaucers time, the nature of evil related to any committing of the 7 fatal sins, consisting of greed, pride, blasphemy, sloth, avarice, wrath, lust and envy. The pardoners prologue and tale is comprised of many of these sins, the pardoner himself demonstrating the majority. Other tones, much(prenominal) as the 3 rioters also realize many of these sins. This essay will explore these characters as well as their evil natures and formulate an intuitive feeling how Chaucer presents evil in the pardoners prologue and tale. The pardoners evil nature is initiated from his physical description in the general prologue. He is set forth as having hair as yelow as wex and hood we wered noon a description immediately illustrating him as a rule breaker, as for most clergymen it was assumed they would cover their hair. In addition t o this, he is set forth as having such glaryng eyen. In the medieval times, this amounted to the suggestion of evil therefore, Chaucer has constructed the pardoner in such a way to ambiguously imply he may be somewhat evil. Critics, such as Spearing, deplete noted that the pardoners repellent outer appearance reflects his inner corruption.The description of his fake relics, such as the sayle that ideal peter hadde and oure lady veyl are used to demonstrate his evil intentions taking advantage of the peasants good creed by tricking them into buying fake relics, that are nothing more than pigges bones. From the onset, Chaucer has incorporated the theme of evil at bottom the pardoner and has maintained this doneout the prologue and tale.The prologue outlines the pardoners admittance to his evil nature, and suggests he may even be majestic of this. He boldly states that his sermons are constructed around the well-known Latin biblical phrase, radix malorum est cupiditas loosely t ranslated as greed is the root of solely evil. The missing word omnium from this is used to demonstrate his lack of biblical knowledge, which is emphasised by the repititon of this phrase throughout. In medieval times, it was common and often expected, for members of the church to know and practice in Latin. The pardoner admits to using pieces of Latin to saffron my predicacioun.This cooking imagery may suggest that he solitary(prenominal) uses Latin to reinforce his false position, and therefore highlighting his evil nature, and may relate to the sin of gula as he is referencing food, again reinforcing the evilness of his character. The pardoner states in the prologue, in the form of a confession, that he preche of no thyng but for coveityse. The repetition of this ironic language along with the shocking imagery that is portrayed through his rhetorical question will I live in poverte willfully? and his admittance to taking capital from the povereste widye in the village paints an evil picture of the pardoner who is merely driven by greed.Some critics, such as Georgianna believe in the historical school of thought, and note that the pardoner is merely a fomite for the substantial form of the churchs abusement. It has been suggested and argued amongst several other critics that Chaucer had no other motive when constructing the pardoners character other than to remark and highlight the wrongdoings of the medieval church. Many fake pardoners lived amongst the medieval audience, and carried out the same evil methods as the pardoner, all for the same motive greed. As a result of this, anticlericalism grew popular amongst the peasants in truth quickly. Therefore, it can be suggested that the pardoners character was constructed in such a way to shine light on his evil nature and to deplume parallels with the medieval church.The pardoners tale is a sermon against four particular sins gluttony, blasphemy, gambling and drinking. He talks at length of each of the se particular sins, giving biblical examples that he has twisted to his benefit, such as go game and also his wyfe who were dryven for that vice. The pardoner is suggesting that gluttony was the downfall of Adam and Eve, when in fact it was temptation. To sermonize against drinking is massively ironic as the pardoner has admitted to needing a draughte before creation able to believe of a object lesson tale to tell the pilgrims irony in itself seeing as he should not have to think about a tale of morality. The fact that the pardoner is guilty of committing the very sins he prophesyes about nevertheless adds to his evil nature. Many critics, such as Ruth Nevo, suggest that the pardoner is a character in his own tale that he tells.The novelle that the Pardoner tells the pilgrims consist of trio rioters. He begins by stating the setting of the three men in the develes temple metaphorical for a tavern. The three rioters are established as sinners from the very beginning, already being guilty of committing two of the seven deadly sins drinking and blaspheming. The repeated suggestion of a brotherhood and addressing each other as brethren has underlying irony as each rioter is ultimately killed by each others greed. It has been suggested that as the rioters are not named, and therefore are nt personally addressed, that they have been constructed to suggest the embodiment of sin. Their deaths are quick and do not have much effect instead, the focus is on the sins that they do commit. This stresses that their evil natures are what caused their own deaths.However, it can be argued that although the pardoner presents evil in the pardoners prologue and tale, the fact that he acknowledges this suggests he is fully aware of his evil nature. Koff suggests that the pardoner is not so much evil as he is bold. This can be argued to an extent, as he does admit to being a ful vicious man, merely states that a morale tale yet I yew telle kan. This can be portrayed as bei ng ironic, as he is fully aware of his evil nature, yet still believes that he can preach against the sins he so readily admits to committing. In addition to this, Chaucer does incorporate some good nature into the novelle in the form of the old man.It has long been questioned as to whether he is the personification of death himself, and therefore cannot die, or whether he is merely an instrument used to emphasise the evil nature of the three rioters. His addressing of the three rioters as sires in comparison to the rude greetings of the rioters compares and relates age and innocence the old man may have been faithful during his life sentence and therefore God will not take his life. In contrast, the young sinful rioters quickly sleep together to their death through their own lack of faith.To conclude, I believe that a sinister exploration of evil is truly presented in the pardoners prologue and tale. Chaucer uses characterization of the pardoner and three rioters to present how c orrupt medieval society was, as well as how readily sins were committed. The pardoners simile of as dooth a dowve sittynge on a berne to answer for how he sees himself is used as an antithesis of his own character as a dove carries religious connotations of wild pansy and purity the opposite to what the pardoner is. Despite infiltrating some holy and pure characters, such as the quondam(a) man, he only further emphasises the lack of good in the other characters. Overall, Chaucer constructs the prologue and tale in such a way to present several layers of evil in the Canterbury tales.

The Books and School Essay Example for Free

The Books and School EssayIn the first few pages of the book, ruddiness highlights the importance of meter reading and studying literature and at the same time mentions stars limitations active conducting this exercise. He writes, The Biblical thee-score years and ten no longer suffice to read more(prenominal) than selection of the huge writers in what can be called the Western tradition, let alone in all the words traditions. ( develop, 1995, p. 17) The best of the literature, see to its new perspectives with the passage of time. New interpretations argon introduced many additions to the old ones are through, as per the demands of the time.The emblem of the yesteryears be sleep togethers the reality of the day as for some characters in works of famous writers. They have the all-time appeal, as they transc eat up all secular limitations, and establish for themselves a unique place in the history of literature. kick dives deep in to the ocean of literature and tries to collect and introduce the pearls of wisdom to his readers. How did he achieve it and what were the implications? The re-examination of the humankind of literature afreshOriginally The statute meant the choice of books in our teaching instructions, and despite the recent administration of multiculturalism, the Canons true question remains What shall the individual who still desires to read attempt to read, this late(a) history? ( crown, p. 17) asks Bloom and seems to grope for the answer. He attempts to dive deep in to the ocean of literature get along-wise the domineering Age, the Democratic Age, and the Chaotic Age. Any literature has time-value but there is a branch of literature that transcends limitations of time. And more reading doesnt mean more knowledge.Why should anyone attempt to possess all knowledge? The limitations of human existence, prima-facie, negate such possibility, even if one intensely wishes I am reminded of a real-life incident. The question asked to a candidate for a high-profile selection post, was Who is the Finance Minister of Spain? Obviously the Interview Board Member was nerve-wracking to corner the candidate. The bold candidate answered the question with a counter-question, Sir, may I know from you who the Sports Minister of Nigeria is? I frankly say, that it is not necessary for me or anyone to acquire such superfluous general knowledge.It has nothing to do with ones efficiency or productivity related to work. What you do is not important how you do what you do is important. Similarly, what you read is not important how you read what you read is important-rather what you assimilate is the crux of the reading exercise. Presently, when the piece is deeply impacted by the materialistic civilization, the industrial and internet revolution lays the real fear of the reading habit getting minimal- reading, just out of necessity and no more the soul pleasureBlooms sincere efforts to re-kindle the passion for reading as for germs like Shakespeare, Austen and Dickens, is laudable and it is the need of the time , to come out of the web of dreary and mechanical life. Having said that, he poses the well-meaning question related to the Canon, What shall the individual who still desires to read attempt to read, this late in history? A maestro of Classical medicine takes interviews for the prospective candidates for judging their potentiality as for the inborn musical talents.He just asks them to sing a line or two, and he is able to judge their intrinsic worth. Blooms opinions about the feature of literature are somewhat similar. He is fascinated by the literary world created by Shakespeare. To him he is the be-all and end-all of the canon that he defines for the Western world, the standard by which one judges all literature. Bloom right opines that human mind has limitations as for acquiring the knowledge. When one transcends the mind-barrier it is altogether a different world and it is not possible to d escribe that state through verbal communications.Because, it is the final stage of experiencing, this is beyond then kingdom of words. Shakespeare, according to Bloom is the master psychologist- he has tackled each type of psychological situations and given answers through his characters. It is therefore, not necessary to read the psychological texts with the hope of finding anything new, after having read Shakespeare. This holds well, according to Bloom, in the religious contest as well. Shakespeares understanding of the religious tenets is so perfect But not so about spirituality, admits Bloom candidlyAn elegy for the Canon, Bloom does three types of classifications for the literature The Autocratic Age, The Democratic Age and the Chaotic Age. Bloom makes rather the controversial statement that all great writing can end up sounding rather too similar. To select 26 authors of the vast multitude of literature should be a tough task for Bloom, but to the lucky ones in his team, he h as rendered yeoman service. He has done a fine survey of virtuous literary traditions. Many have found it so honour to read these authors, in the light of the critical assessment done and fresh light thrown by Bloom.He has made the flowers of literary taste bloom in the desert. (Those who were hitherto disinterested in classical literature) Two issues immensely influence any author. The influence of Nature and the influence of the works of other authors This care for can be termed as literary sparks generated out of friction. whizz idea gives rise to several ancillary ideas, sometimes more profound and brilliant than the original idea. Through the introduction to various authors, Bloom has succeeded in inspiring the readers as well and that created the chain reaction in them to read more and more.The authors probably wrote one more book by such inspiration and the readers read another book Both are the comparable processes of the literary genius latent in an individual. Therefo re, those who have read the Western Canon of Bloom have admitted that it has been the most rewarding experience of their lives. No contradictions can be made as for Blooms observation about the impact of the materialistic civilization, ruthless competition, where moral boundaries are often violate and he asserts that such a process does destroy literary study in the name of socio-economic justice.One who creates literature and the one who loves literature have peculiar types of hearts, which a normal secular individual would find it difficult to understand. Such literary giants may have to pass through derision and even opposition. And at last a stage of willing acceptance would not be far off. There are bountiful examples of such developments if one goes through the history of mankind over the last few centuries. Bloom is notwithstanding is too much obsessed about Shakespeare. No doubt, he is brilliant among the brilliants, but Blooms overreacts as for the idealisation that Sh akespeare was, is and will beWell, that is Blooms personal opinion, and one need not agree with it. An author writes true to his convictions. He doesnt write to please someone. Reading Blooms book should be the beginning of the literary saga for any individual, not the end It should never be Conclusion Bloom is a highly evolved individual, and he seems to have crossed the last hurdle of the mind-barrier. He has repeatedly knocked the portals of spirituality, but he has not entered it. He has, however, succeeded in taking certain potshots at it.If he were to cross it, his perspective about the entire mass of literature, would have changed, and he would have understood the meaningfulness and meaningless of the literary classics. But from his dexterous level, he has given the best possible explanations and views about the Western Canon. ============= Works Cited Bloom, Harold Book The Western Canon The Books and School of the Ages Paperback 560 pages Publisher Riverhead Trade 1st Rive rhead Ed edition (September 1, 1995) Language English ISBN-10 1573225142 ISBN-13 978-1573225144

Ultra Mobile PC’s Essay Example for Free

Ultra bustling PCs Essay hackneyed application This study asserts that UMPCs bum practice session both softw ar commixd within the finesse and more especially when it sums to Windows XP and Vista. For example, businessmen can physical exercise Windows word, excel and power point application effectively without any problems. On the other hand, those users who ar not fitting to use the available QWERTY keyboard can use the avainble USB port to conjoin to an external keyboard. UMPCs also nourish a touch sensitive screen, which can capture the use to fingers to prompt for information or even use pen calibration. In this manner, the user is able to keep a fast track of events may at class, in a business see or in cases of medics previewing patients and making quick notes on the touch screen. With the integration of various technologies which can integrate with windows XP and Vista software like Tablet Enhancements for Outlook (TEO) UMPCs are able to maximize the use of captured data (Eisten technologies, 2004). The use of TEO allows, users to even edit their information with ease for increased efficiency. According to Eistein technologies the integration of TEO allows the users of UMPCs to have Convenient and more accurate handwriting recognition, which allows minimal mistakes if any. On the other hand whizz is able to convert their text when they want to according to their convenience. In using TEO, applications like PDA are easily recognized and applicable in UMPCs. The use of TEO allows preview text to prompt the user of any unrecognized texts so that they can be corrected on time. TEO allows one to improve correction interfaces without often challenges compared to earlier versions. (Eisten technologies, 2004) With the use of TEO technology, the use of UMPCs becomes more interesting and organized in all categories.For example, TEO can be applied in note taking and ensuring organized forms of data storage and accessibility (Eisten technolog ies, 2004). Interfacing to the mesh mildew UMPCs have higher compatibility of net profit interfacing. For example, users can apply the use of the available USBs to connect to the Internet effectively. UMPCs are modified for use with various forms of broadband technologies, which can allow lot from different to interact through the Internet. On the other hand, businessmen can make connections through the Internet and save time and energy wasted in covering long distances by their clients.In many a(prenominal) instances what matters with Internet interface in UMPCs is the type of Internet subscriber used, and the effectiveness in helping delivery. Studies show that one important feature in UMPs comprise of their ability to have strong bases for browsing the internet (K. -W. Chin, et al, 2002). Conclusions and future predictions The following are some of the future predictions of this study to a greater extent studies should be carried to ensure more enhancements are made to UMPC s Companies dealing with the UMPC technologies should come together and work in harmony for better results in modifying the existing forms of UMPCs The target markets for UMPCs should be the briny drivers of modifications made in the UMPC devices so that companies can be able to make consumer quality goods in cabaret to gain a competitive edge UMPCs stand to be the next solution for technical use and hence the need to ensure that they are treated with the seriousness that they deserve in the incorporated and commercial world. Conclusion This study found out that UMPCs market and usability has greatly increased over the decades. UMPCs are currently viewed as the noble solutions to most challenges faced in commercial business for instance companies and infirmary use.The effectiveness in information storage makes it easier even for hospitals to be able to store patients information and walk around with it, referring to it when the need arises. The medical sector which was most aff ected in term of mobility of medical information stands to benefit greatly from the current use of the UMPCs technologies. This study recommends that, mobile companies to come up with more significant milestones in the UMPCs world should carry out more studies. summons list Appear Networks. (2008). Appear Announces Support for Intel UMPC Devices. Retrieved on twenty-seventh December 2008 from www.appearnetworks. com/Appear-Announces-Support-for-Intel. html C. Barrett et al. (2002). Characterizing the Interaction amidst Routing and MAC Protocols in Ad-hoc Networks, Proc. MobiHoc 2002 , pp. 92-103 C. Elliott B. Heile (2000) Self-Organizing, Self-Healing Wireless Networks, Proc. 2000 IEEE Intl Conf. on Personal Wireless Comm. , pp. 355-362. Eisten technologies. (2004). Tablet Enhancements for Outlook 2. 0. Retrieved on 27th December 2008 from http//www. tabletpcpost. com/modules. php? op=modloadname=Downloadsfile=indexreq=viewdownloaddetailslid=9ttitle=Tablet_Enhancements_for_Outloo k_2.0 J. Broch et al. (1998) A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols, Proc. Mobicom 98. D. Cavin et al. (2002) On the trueness of MANET simulators, Proc. ACM Workshop on Princ.Mobile Computing (POMC02), Oct. 2002, pp. 38-43. online K. -W. Chin, et al. (2002). Implementation Experience with MANET Routing Protocols, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Nov. 2002, pp. 49-59. Available online. M. S. Corson et al. (1999) Internet-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, IEEE Internet Computing, pp. 63-70.

Year of Wonders Essay Example for Free

Year of Wonders EssayI wished to know how things stood in the introduction. For Anna, the year of the plague is about a journey from ignorance to intimacy. Discuss. In the extraordinary novel, Year of Wonders, Geraldine Brooks exposes the ticklish yet admirable spirit of Anna Frith, trapped in a community caught in desperate times. As the plague strikes this small vill ripen, ignorance and a fear of the unkn make become dominant sensations in Eyam in 1666-1667. Anna is exclusively unaware of the opportunities to grow and succeed that surround her as she struggles with uneducated parents throughout her childhood. London Tailor, George Viccars, opens Annas eye to the gentle adult males gentleman, inspiring her to learn more about herself and the way in which the world works after pitch the devastating illness known to Anna as, Gods wrath made manifest to the village. Anna works grave and dreams of finding a cure for the plague after the loss of her two sons. Anna turns to h erblore and together with comely-like figure Elinor, the equal study together after initially non being interested in such beliefs. Anna wherefore goes even further, ext stamp outing her experience in the health area after delivering a child by smooth instinct.This is the first of many as from this Anna gains in confidence. She slowly begins to improve her understanding of father Josiah and step mother Aphra and why they came to be how they are, although still despises them for their oblivious actions. However it is at the novels conclusion, when Anna flees Eyam callable to revelation circumstances that she finally recognizes her ignorance to the world she has been living in. She is able to see most clearly her abilities and skills that have been withheld from her due to an uneducated life-time.It is at this point when she understands, I was alive, and I was young, and I would go on until I put up some reason for it. A childs upbringing can shape their experiences for the rest of their life this was the case for Anna Frith. Anna never got to familiarize herself with a normal childhood, brought up by her father Josiah Bont whom she witnessed kill her biologic mother at a young age. She was married off to Sam at the tender age of fifteen years old under the instruction of her father. Anna was ignorant to the world around her, as she didnt know any better.A timid girl, Anna despised her father stating he fill outd a heater more than his own children. This situation worsened when Josiah married new wife Aphra, who looked down upon Anna. Anna has the clear think that, to my stepmother Aphra, I was always a pair of hands before I was a person, some cardinal to comminute after her babies. She taught Anna nothing nevertheless how not to care for you own children believing it was ill fortune to love a child until it walks and is close-fittingly grown. Anna was easily confused at this and wondered how Aphra could think so.If it wasnt for a natural mot herly instinct in Anna, she may easilyhead have followed in Aphras footsteps unwittingly. Anna never knew she had the ability to stand up to her father and is very conservative about her opinions of him although she trusts her own decisions. The arrogance and unornamented ignorance of Josiah Bont led to Annas childhood being very uneducated and undesirable, resulting in Anna not being well prepared for the years of devastation to come. Anna discovers a wider world the minute deadly disease is brought into her life.It is London prune George Viccars, bearer of the plague, who opens Annas eyes to world beyond Eyam. When Viccars arrives at Annas croft, he brought the wide world with him. Anna had not had a man of any real significance in her life since the wipeout of Sam, until the reaching of George Viccars. He showed her that there was more to life than everyday chores in a small village. Captured by his talents, Anna begins to realize the opportunities to learn that surround he r. Seeing the work of Viccars and hearing the stories of his life, Anna, wished to know how things stood in the world.Anna is devastated at the death of Viccars, and it is at this point in the novel where she learns of the plague as a fatal disease. Although the plague spells the end of a lifetime for many villagers in Eyam, including Annas two sons, it is the beginning of a new life for Anna. Her first instinct is to help in as many ways as she can, attending the destruction bedside of all sufferers, caring for widowed wives and orphaned children. However she does not only wish to care for the ill, but dreams of finding a cure to stop the small pandemic. She approaches the ever intelligent Elinor, who inspires her to learn.Anna expresses, when she had discovered that I hungered to learn, she commenced to shovelful knowledge my way. The plague intrigues Anna, as the reader observes her transformation from being completely illiterate to adequate deeply involved and gaining a sligh tly better understanding of the way the human body functions. in concert Anna and Elinor research further into a mysterious practice known as herblore. Anys and Mem Gowdie are seen as the witches of Eyam, which at long last leads them to their death.For Anna however, she believes the work of the Gowdies was innocent, and has a strong desire to keep the ractice of herblore alive. Anna openly shares that she never had a close relationship with Anys, yet before she was murdered, the pair bonded. It is when Anna learns of Anys relationship with George Viccars, which intrigues Anna to get to know Anys and learn of her beliefs and values. Anys teaches Anna that it is acceptable to be independent. Anys believes she was, not made to be any mans chattel and following this Anna admires her for, listening to her own heart rather than having her life ruled by others conventions. The plagues devastating effects claim Anna to research herblore.Together with Elinor, the duo explore and grow in t his area of expertise together. Anna is able to pronto grasp many herblore concepts and invent new herbal remedies in hope that each new one may be a good treatment for the plague. Anna goes on to deliver several children in the area. At first she delivers a baby with no experience only motherly instinct. Over time, she develops the skills necessary to quote this many times. With the help of Elinor, Anna begins to learn and see the world as a bigger place, as well as have better understanding of it through education brought about by the plague.When it is revealed to her that Michael Mompellion had mistreated Elinor, Anna has the knowledge of the wider world to make the decision to flee Eyam. Although well educated, Michael Mompellion reveals a dark secret that tests Annas sensory faculty and knowledge. When it is exposed to Anna that Michael had been denying Elinor sexual desires as punishment for her aborting a child when she was younger, Anna is shocked. She is forced to cope w ith the fact that the man who she had admired since being the Rector of the village, had betrayed her, beautiful friend, full of affection, made for love.Although this doesnt sit well in Annas melodic theme, it uncovers often confusion for her. She comes to the realization of why she had never seen Elinor and Michael touch and concretes in her mind that Michael is a man of very strong beliefs. Anna comes to an understanding of why Michael punished Elinor in this way, as he believed it was almost too difficult to, atone for a life. Anna loses her faith in Michael but does not lose hope in her life to come as she flees Eyam with adopted child Aisha, biological miss of Mrs. Bradford.It is the beginning of the end at this stage of the novel for Anna as she leaves her hometown after dealing with the plague and much death, to create a new life full of joy and hope. It is in her new Muslamic country where she meets keep up Ahmed Bey, whom she marries in order to be able to stay under h is roof and learn medicine. Ahmed agrees to this as he needs female doctors to deliver children as husbands do not let him do it himself. Anna continues her studies and grows in her literacy skills. It becomes evident that by this stage Anna has set herself up in the world with a good standard of knowledge and education.It is clear that by the end of the novel, Anna Frith underwent a journey from ignorance to knowledge. From living in the small village of Eyam with no direction given to her by her parents, Anna overcomes the plague and its terrible effects by being eager to learn. She develops intellectually during the novel, learning how to read and write from scratch, as well as researching remedies and delievering babies. By the conclusion of the novel, Anna is a well-educated young woman, aware of the opportunities and world around her.

The developing awareness of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The developing knowingness of Romeo and Juliet EssayThis essay will contain the developing aw beness of Romeo and Juliet throughout the play. It will relate to both characters feelings towards each other, it will also show how other characters are portrayed as they relate to one another and to Romeo and Juliet. The essay will describe the levels of society who came to fit Shakespeares plays from the groundlings to the aristocracy. It will also portray Romeo and Juliets reactions to different situations.Shakespeare opens the play with a disagreement between the Montague servants and the Capulet servants, which starts off with a relatively minor insult where Sampson, a Montague, bites has thumb at the Capulet servants, which in those times was a debase to them if they bear it. It then went on to develop into a fight. Starting the play in such a profound way would have shown the audience the degree of rivalry between the two gangs. The first lift of Romeo in the play is when Ben volio is telling of the riot to Lady Montague and how has been avoiding him, then Lord Montague speaks of how Romeo prefers night to day. shuts up his windows, locks pleasure ground daylight out, And makes himself an artificial night Black and portentous must his humour prove This suggests that Romeo is suffering from round form of depression. We then meet Romeo, he is talking about how much he experiences Rosaline, and how his savor is not returned. This shows the audience a huge part of Romeos personality, how he could be so madly in love with a woman without any hope of that love being returned shows he falls in love very easily.When we first meet Juliet, she is a mere child and her mother talks to her about marriage, Juliet is fluid ver4y young and is not particulally interested. Ill look to like, if looking liking move But no to a greater extent deep will I endart mine eye than your consent gives strength to make it fly. This quote illustrates Juliets observe for her pa rents wishes and her obedience and dependance of them at this stage in the play. Little did her parents know just how waywardly Juliet would become.

Power in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Power in of Mice and Men EssayThe composition of super cause is prevalent throughout the novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck uses various methods and techniques to establish the dynamics of magnate on the ranch. In the first extract, George and Lennie argon in the brush and we get a strong sense of Georges enatic control all everywhere Lennie, except it also shows how Lennies somatogenetic stature gives him a degree of tycoon over George. In extract two we meet Curley for the first time, and his self-assurance over the ranch workers is intelligibly asserted through the various ways in which Steinbeck describes him. And finally, in extract three, we see the first shift of the novel. The run is very diverse in how it portrays power. At assorted stages in the fight some nation have more authority over others and we see how the workers feel more powerful together as contend to individually.In this extract the hierarchy of power on the ranch is very shaken up. rive one focuses on George and Lennies relationship. Even from the onset words such as timidly, piano, and gently help to establish the dynamics of their relationship. These words portray Lennie as a weak, almost imperfect character in contrast to words such as jerked, scowled, and bastard which portray George as impatient and annoyed, almost like an exasperated p arnt. Steinbeck uses a multitude of exclamation attach to emphasise Georges frustration. Ellipses are also used throughout the extract to show how Lennie hesitates and stutters though his sentences.This clearly shows that he is unable to take away information and is, at times, very nervous. This reiterates the fact that George holds the reins of power in the relationship. It is significant, maybe, that Steinbeck describes George as a little patch. It points out that physical stature does not equate power in this relationship. If this was not true the tables would be turned as Lennie towers over George, which is why it is stra nge that he is so reliant on George. This in reality shows how Lennie is less powerful. Lennies metal disability makes him vulnerable because he is unable to retain information. This is shown through Lennies very simple speech communication. ..But it didnt do no goodSteinbeck also uses many question marks to show how Lennie is constantly asking questions and therefore constantly seeking guidance from George, and again, thats what gives George the edge over Lennie. When discussion moves to the bus tickets and work cards Lennie realises that he doesnt have his. He looked down at the ground in despair which shows that he is ashamed and perhaps a little frightened of Georges reaction, nevertheless Steinbeck then goes on to say that George took responsibility for both of the work cards, knowing that Lennie could not be trusted. This, again, demonstrates the balance of power and shows that both George and Lennie are aware of how much power the other possesses. After aspect for his wor k card in his max, Lennie take out a mouse to which George replies sharply. Whatd you take outta that pouch?Georges tone of voice is accusatory which shows that he is astute. He then continues to bombard Lennie with questions, which gives Lennie the chance to demonstrate other type of power his cunning. He attempts to cheat on George. Aint a thing in my pocketAlthough tiddlerlike, this sentence shows that Lennies mind is able to think of plans. How would he keep the mouse? By attempting to deceive George. Eventually, Georges patience wears thin and he exclaims Give it here shouting at Lennie like a parent. Throughout the extract George issues a multitude of orders to Lennie. You aint gonna say a word, Were gonna work, You jus stand there. These commands show solely how pliable Lennie is and how George uses his power to make Lennie comply. George also uses slothful threats to manipulate Lennie.if I didnt have you on my tail.This, again, shows Georges parental control over Le nnie and goes hand in hand with his use of the dream to make Lennie work. Just as a child would get no presents at Christmas, Lennie would not be allowed to tend the rabbits if he steps out of line. But, as much as George chastises Lennie, he does give him appropriate encou resentmentment. Good boy. Thats swell.Extract two focuses on Curley. When he enters the bunkhouse his authority over the ranch workers becomes very apparent. Steinbeck says that he wore a work glove and he wore high-heeled boots. The simple fact that Curley has to wear certain items of clothing suggests that his authority is somewhat artificial as opposed to Slim, whose power comes naturally. It is cardinal to note how Curleys body language changes when he notices the new men. He glanced coldly, his hands closed into fists and his glance was at once calculating and pugnacious. This kind of body language is very aggressive and he uses it to dominate the men. Lennie squirmed under the look and shifted nervously on his feet which shows that Curleys power is very obvious and he continues to assert his power by invading Lennies per word of honoral station and speaking to him with a very brusque tone. Curley is quick to confront Lennie, as he feels like Lennie pull up stakes be a threat dure to his size. Let the big guy talk.Lennie is unsure of how to respond to this and twisted with doubt which shows just how debilitated he is. As usual, George stands up for him and challenges Curleys power. George has a very monosyllabic tone of voice when speaking to Curley which shows that he does not feel the need to elaborate and is perhaps being defiant. Yeah, its that way.Lennie looks helplessly to George for instruction when given the chance to talk which again demonstrates Georges power over him. Eventually, when Lennie does speak, he speaks softly which suggests a lack of power and perhaps a degree of uncertainty. Curley starts to get aggressive with Lennie, but the anger is totally unprovoked. Eve n Candy is wary of Curleys power and looked cautiously at the approach to make sure no one was listening before sexual intercourse George that Curley is the bosss son and that he is pretty handy. In this role, authority is implicit and Curley evidently has a lot of physical power if he is being described as handy by the other ranch workers. This is important to note in extract three when Lennie and Curley have a fight. At the beginning of extract three, Curley feels his power is being threatened by Carlson. He uses very authorial body language to regain this power but it is in vein as the ranch workers feel comfortable standing up for themselves when they are together.Carlson lectures Curley on how he isnt as powerful as he likes to think. Candy joined Carlsons attack with joy and this is far from how Candy was acting at the end of extract two. Again, the ranch workers feel safer in large groups. Perhaps Curley decides to fight Lennie because he wants to demonstrate his strength a nd feels that Lennie is the weakest of the workers, therefore, the easiest to fight. Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier. present Steinbeck, yet again, uses a simile to describe the invasion of Lennies personal space. Then Curleys rage exploded and he uses a lot of expletives to provoke Lennie.This can be compared to Georges language and how he curses at Lennie calling him a big bastard. Perhaps Curleys reaction is so barbarian because he is afraid of being humiliated in front of the workers. Lennie looked helplessly at George which shows that he is weak, but more so vulnerable. Yet again, he looks to George for direction. At first, Lennie doesnt fight back because he knows that if he gets himself into trouble he wont be allowed to tend the rabbits, although when Curley starts getting very violent George encourages Lennie to fight back. Get him, Lennie. Dont let him do it.The fact that Lennie has to be told by George to protect himself shows just how much leadership Georg e has when it comes to Lennie. The line I said get him also emphasises Georges control. Lennie, however, redeems himself and crushes Curleys hand. Lennie is so adamant to do what George has told him to do that he stills holds on to Curleys fist even though George is slapping him and telling him to stop.George slapped him in the face again and again, and still Lennie held on to the closed fist. In conclusion, I think it is rocky to define the most powerful man on the ranch as Steinbeck presents so many different types of power innate, physical, implicit, parental etc. Throughout all three of the extracts the balance of power shifts frequently, but authority is always evident. Steinbeck shows it very cleverly and subtly, almost manipulating the reader to anticipate certain reactions from certain characters which is why I find these extracts so engaging to read.

World History Essay Example for Free

World History Essay1. What do you already know, or think you know, about Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? They had a lot of wars and disagreements. 2. In what parts of the world atomic number 18 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam dominating today? Christians atomic number 18 dominant in labor union South America pursuit of island dominate north Africa, western and central Asia, and Indonesia. chase of Judaism can be found most everywhere but are concentrated in Israel and North America. 3. How are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam related?They began in Southeast Asia. All three religions cite they began with Abraham. 4. How are the stories of Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad alike and different? Moses andJesus, are considered the founders of Judaism and Christianity respectively. Muslims of Arabic descent however, trace their grow, to Abrahams other son, Ishmael. His descendent Muhammad founded Islam. 5. after reading these excerpts, how do you think these religions compare?6. What are the primary differences and similarities among the three religions? Why? Judaic raft do not believe that Jesus was the messiah or the son of idol or that he was resurrected. 7. Why are some sites considered sacred in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? The holiest site in Islam, the Kaaba, stands at the center of the masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca. The mosque cognize as the Dome of the Rock sits where the temple once stood, the place where Muslims believe that Muhammad roseate into heaven. 8. Why do divisions occur within as well as among the three major monotheistic religions?More than 50 percent of the worlds population follows Christianity, Judaism, or Islam. Christianity has approximately 2,286,000,000 followers worldwide. This is 33 percent of the world. Christians are concentrated in North and South America, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. Islam has approximately 1,524,000,000 followers worldwide. This is 22 percent of the world. pursuit of Islam, kno wn as Muslims, are concentrated in North Africa, Western and Central Asia, and Indonesia. Judaism has approximately 15,000,000 followers worldwide. This is less than 0.25 percent of the world.Followers of Judaism can be found most everywhere but are concentrated in Israel and North America. Buddhism has approximately 484,000,000 followers worldwide. This is 7 percent of the world. Buddhists are concentrated in China, Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Korea, and Japan. Hinduism has approximately 901,000,000 followers worldwide. This is 13 percent of the world. Hindus are concentrated in South Asia. Jewish population do not believe that Jesus was the messiah or the son of God or that he was resurrected. Muslims follow the Five Pillars of faith. These are the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salat), almsgiving (zakat), fasting (sawm), and the pilgrimage (hajj). Followers of all three religions practice some type of fasting SabbathAll three religions honor a weekly ho ly day, typically involving prayer and worship with other followers. Christians believe in the sacraments as a process for preparing each believer to join God. Among these are baptism, by which people agree to worship God and become Christian. All three faiths hold that humans have a soul that will be judged when their bodies die Neither Jews nor Muslims are permitted to eat pork. They also have certain processes for preparing food properly, called kosher in Judaism and halal in Islam.Jews, Christians, and Muslims all believe in one, and only one, god The Star of David, also known as the Shield of David, has stood for Judaism from as early as the 11th century. The star has 12 sides for the 12 tribes of Israel. Jewish congregations are led by rabbis. in Christianity, the cross became a sacred symbol when Jesus was crucified. Its a symbol of his sacrifice and the resurrection.Christian congregations are led by priests, minister, or pastors. The star and crescent has roots that reach b ack to pre-Islamic times, but today it is a symbol of Islam. Muslim congregations are led by imams. n the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, a cenotaph, or empty tomb, stands over the place where Abraham is believed to have been buried. in any case in Old Jerusalem, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is believed to be the location of Jesus crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. One of the oldest churches in the world, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem marks the location where the gospels of Matthew and Luke indicate Jesus was born.

Union Victory of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Union Victory of the Civil War Essay even out before the Civil War actually started, the northerly had already enjoyed two distinct advantages over the southwesterly. Although it alike benefited from some excellent strategic decisions as the state of war progressed, those two pre-war factor ins ultimately spelled defeat for the army of the secessionists from the south. The first of these advantages was the northeasterns edge in universe. While the grey states only had a combined population of 9 million people (including their slaves), the population of the north was 22 million (including some emancipated slaves). That balance of 2. 441 later proved decisive since the North possessed the capacity of raising and palm more(prenominal) fighting men to sustain its war effort (Murphy, 2008). The second factor was the difference in their economic thrusts. Whereas the North concentrated on industry and commerce to boost its delivery, the south relied on an inelegant econom y. In other words, the North had industrial plants while the southwestern could only boast of its farms. The transcendence of the Norths economic development became apparent when the war dragged on.It was able to convert its factories to war materials production to reinforcer its army in the field while the South had to rely on its unusual trading partners for the switch of its war chest. Now, since the North had a stronger navy than the South, it was able to rule the seas and managed to organize an emergenceive blockade, thereby preventing the South from procuring war supplies from other countries. The effect was a weakened southern army due to a downcast supply.These were the two primary reasons that gave rise to the observation that the South was doomed from the start (Murphy, 2008). Some observers believed that these advantages which the North enjoyed at the outset were initially offset by two factors which worked in favor of the South. The first was the fact that the att endant Army was commanded by better military leaders. Before the Civil War broke out, majority of the finest and more senior commanders in the United States military came from the South.This was because of a southern culture which prized a military flight for their men. Because of this culture, it had been customary for rich families to send their sons to the West Point Military Academy which was located in the North and start their career in the military. As soon as the secession was announced by the southern states, many of them resigned from their posts to serve with the Confederate Army. Some of these officers were Generals Robert E. Lee, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, Albert Sidney Johnston, James Longstreet, P. G. T.Beauregard, and Joseph E. Johnston. Most of them held more senior ranks in the United States Army compared to majority of the officers who remained with the Union Army of the North (EDSITEment, n. d. ). The second advantage of the South, harmonize to observers, was th e theater of operations and the character of the war itself. Since the Union Army invaded the South, the war was fought on southern territory. This operator that the Confederate soldiers had the advantage of knowing the terrain better than the enemy who had to fight in unknown territory.It follows, therefore, that the soldiers of the Confederacy were more mobile and flexible. There was also the fact that for the Southerners, the war was defensive in character. War strategists believe that triumph is easily achieved in a defensive war since the defenders have only to defend their ground and expose the invaders down. The North had the more difficult task of occupying the South and forcing them to surrender (EDSITEment, n. d. ).In addition, the Confederate soldiers were more demon-ridden and more desperate for victory. They were defending their soil, their institutions, and most of all, their families. Someone said that When you believe that you are defending your wife and children from invaders, you care more about your cause than those who are simply being paid a prosecute to go fight for a cause that does not influence their lives as directly. This made a remarkable difference on the battlefield (Murphy, 2008).The soldiers of the Confederate Army, therefore, enjoyed a higher morale on top of their superiority as far as mastery of the topography of the areas where the war was fought was concerned. Unfortunately, these were not enough for them to win a prolonged war. In fact their home court advantage was believed to have worked against them as the war progressed. For every self-made thrust on the part of the Union soldiers which resulted to the capture of a piece of Southern territory, the adverse effect on the morale of Confederate soldiers had been substantial.This was particularly apparent when the Union Army succeeded in capturing an area primed(p) between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains and when the Confederate Army was effecti vely cut off from their important industrial and agricultural resources as a result of successful campaigns waged by the Union Army in the substitution and western regions of Tennessee (EDSITEment, n. d. ). The South was likewise believed to have acted based on a false assumption which contributed greatly to their defeat.This false assumption was echoed by South Carolina Senator James Henry Hammond in 1858 when he said that the South was in such a valued station that no country would even think of declaring war against it. Specifically, he declared that The world was so dependent on cotton that Southerners could coerce any foreign country into coming to their aid merely by threatening not to sell it (EDSITEment, n. d. ). Indeed, if Great Britain, who was a major consumer of the Souths cotton, sided with the Confederacy, the war could have ended differently.The South was so confident in their hold of the world cotton market that when the blockade was declared by Abraham Lincoln, Jef ferson Davis, who was then acting as President of the Confederacy, did not do anything about it. He was certain that when the countries in Europe would be edacious of cotton, they would voluntarily send their navies to destroy the blockade set up by the North, declaring war against the Union in the process. Unfortunately, this was not what happened.Instead, the European countries merely turned to Egypt and India for their cotton requirements, dealing a hard blow to the economy of the South (Newton, Poulter, Simon, Symonds, and Woodworth, 2005). In the end, the great military commanders of the Confederate Army could not do anything with a consume army and were forced to surrender. The destruction of the economy of the South proved to be the most decisive factor in the Civil War (Murphy, 2008).ReferencesEDSITEment. (n. d. ). On the Eve of War North vs. South. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//edsitement. neh. gov/printable_lesson_plan. asp? id=745 Murphy, A. (2008). Strengths Wea knesses of the North and South During the Civil War. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/532303/strengths_weaknesses_of_the_north and. html Newton, S. H. , Poulter, K. , Simon, J. Y. , Symonds, C. L. , and Woodworth, S. E. (2005).

Impact of Natural Disasters on the Economy of Pakistan

Impact of Natural Disasters on the Economy of PakistanNatural hazards ar an more and more phenomena that we all evidently observe and identify that whitethorn constitute a direct bang on the interests of an bea where it hits and as well on explicit domestic meters in such aras. Depending of where we pop off, hurri advisees, earthquakes, floods, droughts, etc, atomic number 18 intimidation to living, be pertinaciovictimizations, supple assets, and also can absorb an mend on societal pointers.The increasing occurrence of earthy misfortunes is passing interrelated to the increasing energy of homes and communities in emergent nations, as earlier socio frugal vulnerabilities whitethorn incense the wound of a indispensable disaster, making harder the course of revitalization (Vatsa and Krimgold, 2000). Therefore, the tint of such eventidets could consequence in an instant raise in poverty and deficiency (Carter et al, 2007). The literature has been still conflicting to a a few(prenominal) amounts. For warning Benson and Clay (2003) turn over discussed that the long-standing shock on cultivation of raw(a) disasters is depressing, at the same metre as Skidmore and Toya (2002) beg off that such tragedy may upbeat impact development in the long run as thither is a flow to returns on personal assets but a pull ahead in human capital, leading to advanced development. Strobl (2008) for the US coastal aras discover that tornados reduce countys development originally by 0.8 per cent, whereas getting your strength back later on in 0.2 per cent. This writer also figures out for commutation America and the Caribbean that the impact from a critical cyclone is a diminution of 0.8 percent of development (Strobl, 2008a).The impact of a internal disaster may also origin discriminations. The poor, who undergo from profits rise and fall, and also crap imperfect access to monetary service, in the consequences of a disaster may be extra politic to l essen use and have a declining upset in a nonher(prenominal) domestic indicators as a ensue. Additionally, thither argon a m whatever(prenominal) non poor, or close to be, who are not insured in opposition to such threats, and then may plunge into scarcity as result of recapitalizing when caning with with the upset, depending the shock and probability of diminishing into scarcity of the original stock assets and deal means.Furthermore, susceptibility to earthy disasters is a many-sided issue, as it is strong-minded by the financial structure, the phase of proceeds, prevailing of communal and fiscal conditions, coping means, attempt evaluation, come in of recurrence and concentration of mishaps, etc. The impact on deprived ones could be losing contact with a few vital services, reversals in accretion of corporeal and human funds, and possibly an augment in churl employment and unlawful behavior.Lindell and Prater (2003) tote up the significance of shaping the impact and the pretentious agents in natural disasters. First, that information is helperful for policy makers, as they can be acquainted with the need for peripheral stop and which may be more efficient befriend, definite sections of fixed can be acknowledged, e.g. how pitiful income families are affected and third, it may be also practical for setting up assistance for natural disasters and the latent results.Overall, growing literature has emerged over the polish few years on the macro instructionstinting and development impacts of natural disasters. Amusingly, there is as up till now no harmony on whether disasters are epoch-making from a macro economicalal point of view, and two places can be identified. The first believes natural disasters a lug for economic development and is well symbolized by the fol low-toneding referenceIt has been argued that although individuals are risk-averse, governments should take away a risk-neutral stance. The verity of developing countries suggests otherwise. Government decisions should be based on the opportunity costs to society of the resources invested in the bug out and on the want of economic assets, functions and products. In view of the responsibility vested in the public sector for the cheek of scarce resources, and considering issues such as fiscal debt, trade balances, income distribution, and a wide range of other economic and social, and semipolitical concerns, governments should not act risk neutral (OAS, 1991).The other position sees disasters as entailing little growth implications and consider disasters and their diminution a problem of, but not for development (e.g. Albala-Bertrand, 1993, 2006 Caselli and Malhotra, 2004). These authors find natural disasters do not controvertly affect GDP and if anything, GDP growth is improved (Albala-Bertrand, 1993 207). This paper can be understood as an attempt at reconciling this body of literature. There are two entry points for the analysis. The first is to look at counterfactual vs. discovered GDP, the second entry point is to assess disaster impacts as a function of hazard, exposure of assets (human, produced, intangible), and, importantly vulnerability.Overall, the evidence reveals adverse macroeconomic consequences of disasters on GDP. In a medium- line analysis, natural disasters on average seem to lead to negative effects on GDP. The negative effects may be small, yet they can become more pronounced depending on the size of the shock. We tested a large number of vulnerability predictors and found that higher aid rates as well as higher remittances lessen the adverse macroeconomic consequences, time capital stock loss is the most important predictor for the negative consequences.In July-August 2010, Pakistan experienced the worst floods in its history The floods have affected 84 districts out of a total 121 districts in Pakistan, and more than 20 million community one-tenth of Pakistans population more than than 1,700 men, women and children have lost their lives, and at least 1.8 million homes have been alter or destroyed (UN 2010, p.1). In attacking poverty in developing countries, due considerations need to be paid to the vulnerability of households against natural disasters. Poor households are likely to suffer not only from low income and consumption on average but also from fluctuations of their welfare once such disasters occur. These households are defenseless to a decline in their welfare aim because they have limited ability to cope with shocks and also they are subject to substantial shocks, such as stomach variability (Dercon, 2005 Fafchamps, 2003).This concern has led to an rising literature on vulnerability measures in development economics (Ligon and Schechter, 2003 2004 Kamanou and Morduch, 2005 Calvo and Dercon, 2005 Kurosaki 2006a). We broadly think people as vulnerable when (i) they cannot mitigate income volatility and (ii) their consumption expenditure is volatile over time (they lack veri dining table coping mechanisms). Vulnerability is thus a forward-looking concept.As an example of low-income countries subject to substantial vulnerability, this paper examines the fictional character of Pakistan. Pakistan is located in entropy Asia, where more than 500million people or about 40% were estimated to live below the poverty line at the turn of the century (World Bank, 2001). Economic development in South Asia has been characterized by a moderate success in economic growth with a substantial misadventure in human development such as basic health, education and gender equality (Dreze and Sen, 1995). This attribute is most apparent in Pakistan (World Bank, 2002). Although the overall economic growth rates were improved during the 2000s, poverty reduction was slower than expected. exploitation a two period panel informationset spanning three years from the North-West limit Province (NWFP), one of the four provinces comprising Pakistan, Kurosaki (2006a) and Kurosaki (2006b) show that agrestic households were indeed vulnerable to substantial welfare fluctuations. Using a three-year panel dataset from Pakistans Punjab, Kurosaki (1998) shows that farmers consumption was excessively sensitive to idiosyncratic shocks to their non-farm income. Similar findings have been accumulated for rural India as well (Townsend, 1994 Kurosaki 2001).The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews the literature on the macroeconomic impacts of disasters and locates the proposed analysis within the disaster risk management paradigm. In section 3, we present the data and methodology used for projecting the economic impacts for a medium term horizon (up to 5 years after an event), as well as the regression analysis used for identifying predictor variables explaining potential impacts. Section 4 ends with a discussion of possible implications of our analysis.Literature ReviewThe literature on impacts of natural disasters and economic effects is still inadequate and can be separated by and large into three diametric categories. One agency of the literature has focused on how several factors intensify susceptibility to natural events. They have maintained a natural vulnerability frame shape in view of climate change, deforestation and geophysical factors (McGuire, Mason and Kilburn, 2002), other than rising urbanization which brings ecological risks and exposure to threats from deficiency of sufficient urban development and dual political discourse (Pelling, 2003 and 2003a), or even environmental immediacy to exposure, access to property and public conveniences as well as political and social networks (Bosher, 2007).All these instigates become a thread to population, their assets and possessions and their self-propelled competence, becoming then an expected risk. And when such danger is realized, then it turns out to be a natural adversity (see McGuire, Mason and Kilburn, 2002). Although this thread of the literatur e distinguishes that such risk factors influence the impact of the natural tragedy, they expert briefly point out essentially the number of losses, or some irregular overheads.A second thread of the literature spotlights on the impact of natural disasters on macroeconomic pointers. Auffret (2003) examined the impact of natural catastrophe on Latin America and the Caribbean, and figured out the impact very considerable, particularly for the Caribbean, where the explosive record of expenditure is higher than in other parts of the world, where insufficient risk-management instruments have been on tap(predicate) in the role.This part of the literature has been still conflicting to some extent. For example Benson and Clay (2003) have also explained that the lasting impact of natural events on economic development of any country is negative, mend Skidmore and Toya (2002) reveal that such tragedies may also have a constructive impact in the future growth, resulting from a decrease to returns to physical assets but an enlargement in human capital.Strobl (2008) discovers for the US coastal counties that cyclones cut districts intensification at first by 0.8 per cent, at the same time as recuperating after in 0.2 per cent. This writer also figures out for commutation America and the Caribbean that the impact from a unhelpful storm is a decline of 0.8 percent of fiscal accession (Strobl, 2008a).When investigating what extra features cut or have a fit the impact of such natural tragedies on macro pointers, Kahn (2005) and Toya and Skidmore (2007) explain that organizations, slide by education and trade openness, in plus to well-built economic segment and smaller governments are authoritative aspects in shaping the impact that natural events have on growth at international level.The third tributary of the literature takes care of the impact and coping means for such tragic events globally at the domestic and township levels. At this point, natural adversities a re upsets that family units have to face as they are unpleasant proceedings leading to a decline in earnings or utilization, and in conductition a loss in industrious property.Alderman et al (2006) by means of data for family units in Zimbabwe spotlighted on height growth of kids as result of a deficiency and civil war in Zimbabwe, result that kids influenced by such upsets have less schooling and could have been tall if not. Dercon (2004) focused on development in utilization amongst family units in chosen villages in Ethiopia, and did not discover that upsets have an effect in the diminution of assets.Carter et al (2007) examined the impact of droughts in Ethiopia and of cyclone Mitch in Honduras on development of belongings at the village level. For Ethiopia they uncover a lay of assets leveling between low income family units, i.e. such families keep hold of their assets even they are little in phases where profits and usage drops off, for instance the big deficiency aroused. They discover for Honduran families that comparatively well-off families recovered earlier from the upset than short income households, and that a poverty corner is place below a specified point of income. Baez and Santos (2007) also examined the sound effects of Mitch on households pointers, discovering no moment on school admissions of kids, but a noteworthy add to their labor contribution.Others have investigated how some coping methods inside families have an effect on revival from a shock resulting from such an adversity. De Janvry et al (2006) explains that timid cash transfer accessibility before a disaster provide as a treasure for those who are affected, while those dependent and helpless people utilize as coping method an add to child labor, and savings in food and school expenses. Alpizar (2007) also discovers that access to proper economic services takes the edge off pessimistic endpoints from natural disaster upsets for farmers in El Salvador, as it leads to furthe r dexterous production.On the other hand, a less urbanized region is the impact at local level. Yamano et al (2007) explain about industries and production. These writers makes use of region-wise data for employment and production, guessing that financial fatalities are not in proportion to the sharing of manufacturing activities and people attention, signifying that strategies to improve losses should be measured from a top nightclub. Burrus et al (2002) also examined how low intensity typhoons can shock local financial systems from side to side temporary removal of actions. They exercise statistics from the local Chambers of Commerce surveys and as a result of their regularity the bang could be a decrease between 0.8 and 1.23 per cent of yearly production and up to 1.6 per cent of local employment.Though, there is a slit in the study of how local communal indicators are exaggerated by natural events. This is significant to bring to the front as the effects give the impression o f be stretch some all unlike points, macro, micro and local, and how strategies to deal with those upsets can be premeditated in a rock-steady way.Whereas families emerge as the natural component of investigation for look intoing the consequences of natural disasters, it can also seem decent to balance the study up as families react to risks are frequently influenced by the broader strategy framework. Certainly, households have substantial and insubstantial assets at their clearance, and their capability to preserve or gather together such assets in such situations will be produced by the arrangements and procedures for instance governance and institutional planning, broader strategies and open pile at metropolitan and district level.Additionally, the experience of family units to danger loss can and has been conventionally balanced up to top levels of aggregation (UNDP, 2008). It is the number of citizens situated in definite parts joint with the individual, material and eco logical conditions of families and the regions where they live that forms their communal potential to deal with a natural disaster. For that reason, we refer to the community level of study while thinking of the inferences that dangers can have.Governments have a tendency to go on board in unhomogeneous approaches to deal with natural happenings. In the past, they have usually reacted through disaster relief, but more belatedly there has been a propensity to highlight cash transfers as well. Even if both methods are adoptive extra efficiency could be consummate by adopting danger diminution and improvement means that deal with the structural aspects which make families more uncovered to natural risks. Having system in position previous to the sentience of dangers is primary.At the macro level, premature warning systems and the public disaster-preparedness agenda look as if mostly significant, so as sufficient economic assets to promote revival, over and above revenue inducemen ts for households or public to take on mitigation procedures.Another type of protecting the value of material goods at the macro level could be through financial diversification. Increasing primary, secondary and tertiary sector activities along with spatial activities in the economy, can offer an open pool to multiply the risk of anguish danger losses, and extra prospects to amplify and steady profits. Equally, the concentration of financial and sector-wise activities would be reliable with condensed capability of families to administer and react to natural disasters.Still, there is a set of insubstantial facts which might improve the family hard work to get through the outcome of natural vulnerability on them, just as adverse socio-economic opportunities. The political economy and organizational aspects of the situation where assets are positioned together with the system of belief, norm and ideas set in the activities of communities members might bear out basal while utilizing a nd mobilizing assets for confronting disasters. If possible, one should be capable to clarify how civilization and supremacy provision come into tomboy when they act together with the broader surroundings of risks, assets and wellbeing results. However, most of these features will be tough to get into work empirically for the period of our technical study.Flourishing coping against natural disasters is difficult to achieve in a situation of small efficiency, staled financial development, not having access to industrious possessions, deficiency of economic reserves and condom nets in place, and broad battle crossways geographic, financial, or tribal lines. Lack of health conveniences, remoteness and low rate of education may also complex these susceptibility. Consequently, the covariate life of various natural hazards and the policy-tempted macro circumstances upsetting the rate and likelihood of effectively coping with them might reflect unreliable welfare shocks crossways regio n and sub-region levels.At last, societies can make worse these natural, site and practice-specific aspects through not making any coronation in substantial and communal infrastructure at the household and district level (roads and bridges). In case of rural areas, these deficiencies can be multifaceted by a high frequency of hazards because of being covered hazard-prone areas, extending the vulnerability of families to experience any losses.Although the impact a natural disaster is an outside factor, susceptibility of causes, making the shock of the event high or low, is not. Susceptibility to natural hazards is a composite subject, as it is countersinkd by the monetary model, the phase of growth, current social and fiscal situation, coping means, risk evaluation, rate of recurrence and greatness of hazards, etc.Lindell and Prater (2003) summarize the significance of shaping the impact and the influenced agents in natural hazards. First, that information is helpful for policy mak ers, as they can recognize the need for outside support and which may be extra effectual. Second, exact sections of affected can be recognized, e.g. how short income families are influenced, uniqueness of regions etc and third, it may be also helpful for setting up backing for natural hazards and the possible penalty. They also summarize how the impact of natural hazards should consider other means.One of the main questions concerning the impact of natural hazards on families or towns is how accidental they may be. Donner (2007) examined the effects of hurricanes in the US and figured out that the effects are not accidental, because some aspects such as ecological, society, demographic, and scientific, have an occurrence on the impact of such events. On the building block the flow of impact of natural hazards can be sketched as in Figure 1.figure1.PNGFigure 1. object lesson of Disaster ImpactOther aspect is how establishment have defined practices concerning natural events and how they systematize help in the outcome can also be determinant of the crash. Such as, Peacok and Girard (1997) explain how the revitalization shape after tornado in Florida was determined more by governmental obstructions rather than lack of resources. check Literature is available which studies the quantitative relationship between the economy and the natural disasters. Zarrar et al (2009) studied the impact of natural disasters on the Irans Gross domestic product. They adopted a auto regressive distributed Lag model in order to study the impact. The findings showed that natural disasters have negative impact on the GDP per capita and on Per captia investment. The result of the model test was that investment had a positive impact on the economy while negative impact on GDP from the change from the loss of Physical capital.Macro economic variables determine the impact of these natural disasters on the long run economic growth. Aaron (2007) found that financial crises caused by thes e disasters injure the long run growth through fanfare. This inflation is the result of increased debt burden. Other reason for this inflation could be that central bank print excess notes to pay the external and internal debt. Also the tax collection is also affected which hurdles the government efforts in compensating the losses. However the loss in revenue is compensated by the help of the Loans and aid given by the international institutions. They include the World Bank, supranational Monetary Fund and the European Union. These loans and aid influence the economic growth in the short as well as the in the long run.Pelling (2002) in his work identified that the most important macroeconomic impact of natural disaster can be studied by examining the inflation trends in the economy. More over the public expenditures by the government and the aid flowing as foreign direct investment influences the GDP growth rate. The used a comparative analysis technique of comparing different ca se studies to determine the macro-economic effects. These effects are measured by plotting the trends in GDP against macro economic factors i.e swelling ,FDI and Loans.The literature review discusses the direct and indirect impact of economic variables on the economy. However in this research work only the impact of macro economic variables is studied.From the support of Literature review the macro economic variables which can be used to measure the quantitative impact of natural disasters on the GDP growth of Pakistan are Inflation, Internal and external debts, Foreign Aid and foreign direct investment flowing in the country.In next section of research we will take into account the above macroeconomic variables with the get of concluding the impact of natural disasters on the economy of Pakistan.MethodologyResearch TypeIn order to identify the macroeconomic effects of disasters, we suggest comparing a counterfactual situation ex-post to the observed subject of the system ex-post . This involves assessing the potential trajectory (projected unaffected economy without disaster) versus the observed state of the economy. This contrasts with observing economic surgical procedure post-event and actual performance pre-event, as usually done in similar analysis. Our analysis requires projecting economic development into a future without an event. In short, the type of research would be purely Quantitative.Sources of DataOur two main sources of Data areThe open-source EMDAT disaster database (CRED, 2008) maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters at the Universit Catholique de Louvain.The proprietary Munich Re NatCat military service database.Data type and Research PeriodsOur sample consists of all major natural disaster events during 1950-2010. The sample is based on information from two databases and was compiled by Okuyama (2009) with the threshold for a large event defined arbitrarily to a loss exceeding 1 percent of GDP.One databa se is the open-source EMDAT disaster database (CRED, 2008) maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters at the Universit Catholique de Louvain. Primary data are compiled for various purposes, such as informing relief and reconstruction requirements internationally or nationally, and data are generally collected from various sources and, including UN agencies, non-governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies. The other database is the proprietary Munich Re NatCat Service database, which mainly serves to inform insurance and reinsurance pricing. We focus on the monetary losses.In both datasets, loss data follow no uniform definition and are collected for different purposes such as assessing giver needs for relief and reconstruction, assessing potential impacts on economic aggregates and defining insurance losses. We distinguish between choppy and slow onset events. Key sudden-onset events are extreme geotectonic ev ents (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, slow mass movements) and extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones, floods and winter storms. Slow-onset natural disasters are either of a periodically continual or permanent nature these are droughts and desertification.We broadly associate the loss data with asset losses, i.e. damages to produced capital. This is a simplification, as indirect impacts, such as business interruption, may also be factored into the data. Yet, generally, at least for the sudden onset events, analysts generally equate the data with asset losses, and an indication that this assumption can be maintained is the fact that loss data are usually relatively quickly available after a catastrophe, which indicates that flow impacts emanating over months to years are usually not considered. Losses are compared to estimates of capital stock from Sanderson and Striessnig (2009), which estimated stocks using the perpetual inventory method based on Penn World table inform ation on investments starting in 1900 and assuming annual growth and depreciation of 4 percent. supposed Framework and variables under considerationTheoretical Framework to be used in this essay to explain economic Impacts on Pakistan due to Natural Disasters.Economical ImpactsGDPExposureSocioeconomic Susceptibility orient RisksProduced ResourcesEnvironment ResourcesHuman ResourcesType of HazardPhysical SusceptibilityRisk centeringThe literature on the monetary impacts explained can be associated with framework above.Independent VariablesIndependent Determinants of such impacts and dangers can be historied asHazard VariableThis variable is related to the type of Natural disaster/Hazard that jolts any part of Pakistan.ExposureThis variable deals with the geographical area and spatial scale of impact from the particular disaster.Economical StructureThis variable deals with the overall structure of the economy in the country and in particular region affected by the disaster (if neede d).DevelopmentThis determinant deals with risks that might directly or indirectly affect the stage of the development of the country.Socioeconomic EnvironmentIt is related to the current socioeconomic conditions in the country.Risk ManagementThis takes care of the availability of formal and informal mechanisms to share risks in a particular part of the country.The last four variables are related to economic susceptibility.Research HypothesisH0 Natural Disasters do not have any significant negative follow-on effects on the economy of Pakistan.H1 Natural Disasters do have significant negative follow-on effects on the economy of Pakistan.TechniquesWe use autoregressive integrated moving average models, also called ARIMA (p,d,q) (Box and Jenkins, 1976) for call GDP into the future after the disaster event. ARIMA modeling approaches are chosen because they are sufficiently general to handle virtually all empirically observed patterns and often used for GDP forecasting (see for example A beysinghe and Rajaguru, 2004). While such a type of modeling may be criticized for its black box approach (Makridakis and Wheelwright, 1989), it here serves well due to the large number of projections to be made and the difficulty identifying suitable economic model approaches.The ARIMA processRecall, an autoregressive process of order AR (p) can be defined asx t = 1x t1 + 2x t2 ++ px tp + tA moving-average process of order MA (q) may be written asxt = t +1 t1 + 2 t2 ++ q tqand an ARMA(p,q) process, with p autoregressive and q moving average hurt can be defined to bext =1xt1 ++ p xt p + t +1 t1 ++ q tqWhere and are parameters to be estimated and are white noise stochastic error terms. Now, let yt be a non-stationary series and define the first order regular difference of yt asyt = yt yt1or more generally using a back-shift operator denoted as Bk zt = ztkyt B d yt d = (1 )An ARIMA (p,d,q) model can then be expressed asyt q B t B B d p ( )(1 ) = ( )withB p p (B) = 11B pandBq q (B) = 11B qData AnalysisThe Box-Jenkins methodology (Box and Jenkins, 1976) is applied for determining the components of the ARIMA process i.e. we test different ARIMA(p,d,q) models with p and q to be smaller or equal 4 (due to the limited amount of data) and estimate and using Maximum likelihood techniques and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as well as diagnostic checks to detect a suitable model. The data requirements were set thus that at least 5 observed data points are needed for projections into the future. This is the smallest number of observations which are needed to estimate ARIMA (4,1,4) models (however, the majority of the sample (greater 90 percent) has at least 10 data points).Furthermore, all models are tested to be stationary (usually d=1 suffices to escort a stationary process) and all series are demeaned. To include uncertainty in the projections, also 95 percent confidence forecasts were calculated and analyzed. Forecasts into the future are performed with the selected models and then compared to the observed variables. Increases or decreases of GDP in future years are measured as a percentage increase or decrease to baseline GDP (i.e., baseline =100) which is defined to be GDP a year before the disaster event.Furthermore, the differences between observed values and projected ones are calculated and called Diff(t), which indicates the percentage difference between the observed and projected value of GDP in year t. We focus on projections with a medium term perspective (up to 5 years into the future). This limitation is due to important data constraints for the ARIMA models within